Nervous system is divided largely into two systems: Central and Peripheral nervous system. Central nervous system is composed of cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord, which are protected by hard bone structures such as cranial bone (skull) and spinal column. Peripheral nervous system is the nerve-communicating network that is separated from the central nervous system. 12 pairs of cerebral nerves in the head, and 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the body, arms and legs. These nerves controlled by the muscles form the peripheral nervous system.

Since it is widely distributed in the human body, nervous system is the most important organ system in humans and requires proper management for overall good health; therefore, many diseases appear when abnormalities happen in the nervous system. Nervous system diseases include brain's partial functioning disorder such as sudden hemiplegia caused by disorder of the cerebrovascular; or cerebral apoplexy that leads to change in consciousness. Also, nervous system disease is so wide and diverse that it includes epilepsy that deals with spasm; peripheral nervous and muscle diseases that manage the disorders in peripheral nerves and muscles; movement disorders that handle abnormalities of motion such as Parkinson's disease; Athymia that is caused by decline of intelligence in cerebrum (general decline of function); infectious diseases that occurs in nervous system such as encephalitis or meningitis; pains that deal with neurodynia such as headaches; and neurological tumors in nervous system.

Therefore, the function and role of Division of Neuroscience is to research the diverse functions and diseases of the nervous system. Making the best use of our institute, Division of Neuroscience is now grafting Acupuncture and Neuroscience to investigate pain-alleviating effects and mechanisms of Acupuncture.